It survives in this fixed form from Old English (having undergone, however, phonetic changes with the rest of the language), in which it was constructed as "" + "me" (the dative case of the personal pronoun) + "thinks" (i.e., "seems", < Old English þyncan, "to seem", a verb closely related to the verb þencan, "to think", but distinct from it in Old English later it merged with "think" and lost this meaning). One example is the word "methinks", with the meaning "it seems to me". The dative case is rare in modern English usage, but it can be argued that it survives in a few set expressions. This conflation of case in Middle and Modern English has led most modern grammarians to discard the "accusative" and "dative" labels as obsolete in reference to English, often using the term "objective" for oblique. The Old English language had a dative case however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when the accusative and dative of pronouns merged into a single oblique case that was also used with all prepositions. Dionysius Thrax in his Art of Grammar also refers to it as epistaltikḗ "for sending (a letter)", from the verb epistéllō "send to", a word from the same root as epistle. "Dative" comes from Latin cāsus datīvus ("case for giving"), a translation of Greek δοτικὴ πτῶσις, dotikē ptôsis ("inflection for giving"). Under the influence of English, which uses the preposition "to" for (among other uses) both indirect objects ( give to) and directions of movement ( go to), the term "dative" has sometimes been used to describe cases that in other languages would more appropriately be called lative. In Ancient Greek, the dative has the functions of the Proto-Indo-European locative and instrumental as well as those of the original dative. In some languages, the dative case has assimilated the functions of other, now extinct cases.
It also exists in similar forms in several non-Indo-European languages, such as the Uralic family of languages. The dative was common among early Indo-European languages and has survived to the present in the Balto-Slavic branch and the Germanic branch, among others.
In Hindi, the dative construction is not limited to only certain verbs or tenses and it can be used with any verb in any tense or mood. In Georgian and Hindustani ( Hindi- Urdu), the dative case can also mark the subject of a sentence. In Scottish Gaelic and Irish, the term dative case is used in traditional grammars to refer to the prepositional case-marking of nouns following simple prepositions and the definite article.
Sometimes the dative has functions unrelated to giving. In this example, the dative marks what would be considered the indirect object of a verb in English. In grammar, the dative case ( abbreviated dat, or sometimes d when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "Maria Jacobo potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink". Grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to which something is given
0 kommentar(er)
